![]() ![]() Phylogenetic analysis of opsin gene sequences suggests that cones were the ancestral pigments with rods evolving afterward. Humans and some primates have trichromatic vision, but most non-primate mammals are dichromatic many lower vertebrates, such as birds and fish, are tetrachromatic. Depending on the number of cone types, animals including humans can perceive colors based on the distribution of the wavelengths of light. Keywords autism, behavioral analysis, color blindness, color preference, zebrafishĬolor vision is one of the most important modalities in the recognition of biologically important stimulation, and thus it plays a critical role in visual perception. This system may potentially be applied to the analysis of drug effects on larval behavior or the detection of sensory deficits in neurological disorder models, such as autism-related disorders, using mutant larvae generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Due to its relative simplicity and ease, color preference screening using zebrafish larvae is suitable for high-throughput screening applications. As a model for oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and color vision impairment, tyrosinase mutants demonstrated diminished color sensation, indicated mainly by hypopigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). To study innate color recognition further, tyrosinase mutants were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 system. The findings showed that 5 dpf zebrafish larvae preferred blue over other colors (B > R > G > Y). A cross maze with different color sleeves around each arm was used for the color preference test (R red, G green, B blue, Y yellow). In this study, we investigated innate color preference of zebrafish larvae. Although innate color preference of motile organisms may provide clues to behavioral biases, it has remained a longstanding question.
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